5.1   Doc Comment Syntax

The "traits" construct is implemented as dictionaries, where standalone strings would be Python syntax errors. Therefore traits require documentation in comments. We also need a way to differentiate between ordinary "internal" comments and documentation comments (doc comments).

Javadoc uses the following syntax for doc comments:

/**
 * The first line of a multi-line doc comment begins with a slash
 * and *two* asterisks.  The doc comment ends normally.
 */

Python doesn't have multi-line comments; only single-line. A similar convention in Python might look like this:

##
# The first line of a doc comment begins with *two* hash marks.
# The doc comment ends with the first non-comment line.
'data' : AnyValue,

## The double-hash-marks could occur on the first line of text,
#  saving a line in the source.
'data' : AnyValue,

How to indicate the end of the doc comment?

##
# The first line of a doc comment begins with *two* hash marks.
# The doc comment ends with the first non-comment line, or another
# double-hash-mark.
##
# This is an ordinary, internal, non-doc comment.
'data' : AnyValue,

## First line of a doc comment, terse syntax.
#  Second (and last) line.  Ends here: ##
# This is an ordinary, internal, non-doc comment.
'data' : AnyValue,

Or do we even need to worry about this case? A simple blank line could be used:

## First line of a doc comment, terse syntax.
#  Second (and last) line.  Ends with a blank line.

# This is an ordinary, internal, non-doc comment.
'data' : AnyValue,

Other possibilities:

#" Instead of double-hash-marks, we could use a hash mark and a
#  quotation mark to begin the doc comment.
'data' : AnyValue,

## We could require double-hash-marks on every line.  This has the
## added benefit of delimiting the *end* of the doc comment, as
## well as working well with line wrapping in Emacs
## ("fill-paragraph" command).
# Ordinary non-doc comment.
'data' : AnyValue,

#" A hash mark and a quotation mark on each line looks funny, and
#" it doesn't work well with line wrapping in Emacs.
'data' : AnyValue,

These styles (repeated on each line) work well with line wrapping in Emacs:

##  #>  #|  #-  #%  #!  #*

These styles do not work well with line wrapping in Emacs:

#"  #'  #:  #)  #.  #/  #@  #$  #^  #=  #+  #_  #~

The style of doc comment indicator used could be a runtime, global and/or per-module setting. That may add more complexity than it's worth though.

# This is an ordinary non-doc comment.

#* This is a documentation comment, with an asterisk after the
#* hash marks on every line.
'data' : AnyValue,

# This is an ordinary non-doc comment.

## This is a documentation comment, with double-hash-marks on
## every line.
'data' : AnyValue,

5.2   Docstring Density & Whitespace Minimization

One problem with extensively documented classes & functions, is that there is a lot of screen space wasted on whitespace. Here's some current Enthought code (from lib/cp/fluids/gassmann.py):

def max_gas(temperature, pressure, api, specific_gravity=.56):
    """
    Computes the maximum dissolved gas in oil using Batzle and
    Wang (1992).

    Parameters
    ----------
    temperature : sequence
        Temperature in degrees Celsius
    pressure : sequence
        Pressure in MPa
    api : sequence
        Stock tank oil API
    specific_gravity : sequence
        Specific gravity of gas at STP, default is .56

    Returns
    -------
    max_gor : sequence
        Maximum dissolved gas in liters/liter

    Description
    -----------
    This estimate is based on equations given by Mavko, Mukerji,
    and Dvorkin, (1998, pp. 218-219, or 2003, p. 236) obtained
    originally from Batzle and Wang (1992).
    """
    code...

The docstring is 24 lines long.

Rather than using subsections, field lists (which exist now) can save 6 lines:

def max_gas(temperature, pressure, api, specific_gravity=.56):
    """
    Computes the maximum dissolved gas in oil using Batzle and
    Wang (1992).

    :Parameters:
        temperature : sequence
            Temperature in degrees Celsius
        pressure : sequence
            Pressure in MPa
        api : sequence
            Stock tank oil API
        specific_gravity : sequence
            Specific gravity of gas at STP, default is .56
    :Returns:
        max_gor : sequence
            Maximum dissolved gas in liters/liter
    :Description: This estimate is based on equations given by
        Mavko, Mukerji, and Dvorkin, (1998, pp. 218-219, or 2003,
        p. 236) obtained originally from Batzle and Wang (1992).
    """
    code...

As with the "Description" field above, field bodies may begin on the same line as the field name, which also saves space.

The output for field lists is typically a table structure. For example:

Parameters:	temperature : sequence Temperature in degrees Celsius pressure : sequence Pressure in MPa api : sequence Stock tank oil API specific_gravity : sequence Specific gravity of gas at STP, default is .56
Returns:	max_gor : sequence Maximum dissolved gas in liters/liter
Description:	This estimate is based on equations given by Mavko, Mukerji, and Dvorkin, (1998, pp. 218-219, or 2003, p. 236) obtained originally from Batzle and Wang (1992).

But the definition lists describing the parameters and return values are still wasteful of space. There are a lot of half-filled lines.

Definition lists are currently defined as:

term : classifier
    definition

Where the classifier part is optional. Ideas for improvements:

1. We could allow multiple classifiers:

   term : classifier one : two : three ...
       definition
   

2. We could allow the definition on the same line as the term, using some embedded/inline markup:

   • "--" could be used, but only in limited and well-known contexts:

     term -- definition
     

     This is the syntax used by StructuredText (one of reStructuredText's predecessors). It was not adopted for reStructuredText because it is ambiguous -- people often use "--" in their text, as I just did. But given a constrained context, the ambiguity would be acceptable (or would it?). That context would be: in docstrings, within a field list, perhaps only with certain well-defined field names (parameters, returns).

   • The "constrained context" above isn't really enough to make the ambiguity acceptable. Instead, a slightly more verbose but far less ambiguous syntax is possible:

     term === definition
     

     This syntax has advantages. Equals signs lend themselves to the connotation of "definition". And whereas one or two equals signs are commonly used in program code, three equals signs in a row have no conflicting meanings that I know of. (Update: there are uses out there.)

   The problem with this approach is that using inline markup for structure is inherently ambiguous in reStructuredText. For example, writing about definition lists would be difficult:

   ``term === definition`` is an example of a compact definition list item
   

   The parser checks for structural markup before it does inline markup processing. But the "===" should be protected by its inline literal context.

3. We could allow the definition on the same line as the term, using structural markup. A variation on bullet lists would work well:

   : term :: definition
   : another term :: and a definition that
     wraps across lines
   

   Some ambiguity remains:

   : term ``containing :: double colons`` :: definition
   

   But the likelihood of such cases is negligible, and they can be covered in the documentation.

   Other possibilities for the definition delimiter include:

   : term : classifier -- definition
   : term : classifier --- definition
   : term : classifier : : definition
   : term : classifier === definition
   

The third idea currently has the best chance of being adopted and implemented.

def max_gas(temperature, pressure, api, specific_gravity=.56):
    """
    Computes the maximum dissolved gas in oil using Batzle and
    Wang (1992).

    :Parameters:
        : temperature : sequence :: Temperature in degrees Celsius
        : pressure : sequence :: Pressure in MPa
        : api : sequence :: Stock tank oil API
        : specific_gravity : sequence :: Specific gravity of gas at
          STP, default is .56
    :Returns:
        : max_gor : sequence :: Maximum dissolved gas in liters/liter
    :Description: This estimate is based on equations given by
        Mavko, Mukerji, and Dvorkin, (1998, pp. 218-219, or 2003,
        p. 236) obtained originally from Batzle and Wang (1992).
    """
    code...